4.1 Implicit Differentiationap Calculus



Finding the derivative when you can’t solve for y

You may like to read Introduction to Derivatives and Derivative Rules first.

  • Implicit Differentiation. Finding the derivative when you can’t solve for y. You may like to read Introduction to Derivatives and Derivative Rules first. Implicit vs Explicit. A function can be explicit or implicit: Explicit: 'y = some function of x'. When we know x we can calculate y directly. Implicit: 'some function of y and x equals.
  • To find the derivative through implicit differentiation, we have to take the derivative of every term with respect to x. Don't forget that each time you take the derivative of a term containing y, you must multiply its derivative by y'. So, when we take the derivative of each term, we get.
  • SOLUTION 1: Begin with x3 + y3 = 4. Differentiate both sides of the equation, getting. D ( x3 + y3 ) = D ( 4 ), D ( x3 ) + D ( y3 ) = D ( 4 ), (Remember to use the chain rule on D ( y3 ).) 3 x2 + 3 y2 y ' = 0, so that (Now solve for y '.) 3 y2 y ' = - 3 x2,.

Implicit vs Explicit

A function can be explicit or implicit:

Explicit: 'y = some function of x'. When we know x we can calculate y directly.

Linear approximation: Consider the curve defined by -8x^2 + 5xy + y^3 = -149 a. Write an equation for the tangent line to the curve at the point (4,-1) c. There is a number k so that the point (4.2,k) is on the. Consider the curve defined by 2y^3+6X^2(y)- 12x^2 +6y=1. Problem-Solving Strategy: Implicit Differentiation. To perform implicit differentiation on an equation that defines a function latexy/latex implicitly in terms of a variable latexx/latex, use the following steps: Take the derivative of both sides of the equation. Keep in mind that latexy/latex is a function of latexx/latex.

Implicit: 'some function of y and x equals something else'. Knowing x does not lead directly to y.

Example: A Circle

Explicit FormImplicit Form
y = ± √ (r2 − x2)x2 + y2 = r2
In this form, y is expressed
as a function of x.
In this form, the function is
expressed in terms of both y and x.


The graph of x2 + y2 = 32

How to do Implicit Differentiation

Calculus
  • Differentiate with respect to x
  • Collect all the dydx on one side
  • Solve for dydx

Example: x2 + y2 = r2

Differentiate with respect to x:

ddx(x2) + ddx(y2) = ddx(r2)

Let's solve each term:

Use the Chain Rule (explained below):ddx(y2) = 2ydydx
r2 is a constant, so its derivative is 0:ddx(r2) = 0

Which gives us:

2x + 2ydydx = 0 Super smash flashwatermelon gaming pc.

Collect all the dydx on one side

ydydx = −x

Solve for dydx:

dydx = −xy

The Chain Rule Using dydx

Let's look more closely at how ddx(y2) becomes 2ydydx

The Chain Rule says:

dudx = dudydydx

Substitute in u = y2:

ddx(y2) = ddy(y2)dydx

And then:

ddx(y2) = 2ydydx

Basically, all we did was differentiate with respect to y and multiply by dydx

Another common notation is to use to mean ddx

The Chain Rule Using

The Chain Rule can also be written using notation:

f(g(x))’ = f’(g(x))g’(x)

4.1 Implicit Differentiationap Calculus Calculator

g(x) is our function 'y', so:

f(y)’ = f’(y)y’

f(y) = y2, so f(y) = 2y:

f(y)’ = 2yy’

or alternatively: f(y)’ = 2y dydx

Again, all we did was differentiate with respect to y and multiply by dydx

Explicit

Let's also find the derivative using the explicit form of the equation.

  • To solve this explicitly, we can solve the equation for y
  • Then differentiate
  • Then substitute the equation for y again

Example: x2 + y2 = r2

Square root:y = ±√(r2 − x2)
As a power: y = (r2 − x2)½
Simplify:y = −x(r2 − x2)−½
Now, because y = (r2 − x2)½: y = −x/y

We get the same result this way!

You can try taking the derivative of the negative term yourself.

Chain Rule Again!

Yes, we used the Chain Rule again. Like this (note different letters, but same rule):

dydx = dydfdfdx

Substitute in f = (r2 − x2):

ddx(f½) = ddf(f½)ddx(r2 − x2)

Derivatives:

ddx(f½) = ½(f−½) (−2x)

4.1 Implicit Differentiationap Calculus Multiple Choice

And substitute back f = (r2 − x2):

ddx(r2 − x2)½ = ½((r2 − x2)−½) (−2x)

And we simplified from there.

Using The Derivative

OK, so why find the derivative y’ = −x/y ?

Well, for example, we can find the slope of a tangent line.

Example: what is the slope of a circle centered at the origin with a radius of 5 at the point (3,4)?

No problem, just substitute it into our equation:

dydx = −x/y

dydx = −3/4

And for bonus, the equation for the tangent line is:

y = −3/4 x + 25/4

Another Example

Sometimes the implicit way works where the explicit way is hard or impossible.

Example: 10x4 - 18xy2 + 10y3 = 48

How do we solve for y? We don't have to!

  • First, differentiate with respect to x (use the Product Rule for the xy2 term).
  • Then move all dy/dx terms to the left side.
  • Solve for dy/dx

Like this:

4.1 implicit differentiationap calculus calculator
Derivative:10 (4x3) − 18(x(2ydydx) + y2) + 10(3y2dydx) = 0

(the middle term is explained below)

dydx on left:−36xydydx + 30y2dydx = −40x3 + 18y2

4.1 Implicit Differentiationap Calculus Solver

Simplify :3(5y2−6xy)dydx= 9y2 − 20x3

And we get:

dydx = 9y2 − 20x3
3(5y2 − 6xy)

Product Rule

For the middle term we used the Product Rule: (fg)’ = f g’ + f’ g

= x(2ydydx) + y2

Because (y2)’ = 2ydydx(we worked that out in a previous example)

Oh, and dxdx = 1, in other words x’ = 1

Inverse Functions

Implicit differentiation can help us solve inverse functions.

The general pattern is: Widmer beer golf free flash games online.

  • Start with the inverse equation in explicit form. Example: y = sin−1(x)
  • Rewrite it in non-inverse mode: Example: x = sin(y)
  • Differentiate this function with respect to x on both sides.
  • Solve for dy/dx

As a final step we can try to simplify more by substituting the original equation.

An example will help:

Example: the inverse sine function y = sin−1(x)

In non−inverse mode:x = sin(y)
1 = cos(y) dydx

We can also go one step further using the Pythagorean identity:

sin2 y + cos2 y = 1

cos y = √(1 − sin2 y )

And, because sin(y) = x (from above!), we get:

cos y = √(1 − x2)

Which leads to:

dydx= 1√(1 − x2)

Example: the derivative of square root √x

So:y2 = x
Simplify:dydx = 12y

Note: this is the same answer we get using the Power Rule:

As a power:y = x½
Simplify:dydx = 12√x

Summary

  • To Implicitly derive a function (useful when a function can't easily be solved for y)
    • Differentiate with respect to x
    • Collect all the dy/dx on one side
    • Solve for dy/dx
  • To derive an inverse function, restate it without the inverse then use Implicit differentiation